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The eye is made up of the sclera, the iris, and the pupil, a black hole located at the center of the eye with the main function of allowing light to pass to the retina. Due to certain muscle spasms in the eye, the pupil can resemble a tadpole, which consists of a circular body, no arms or legs, and a tail. When the pupil takes on the shape of a tadpole, the condition is called Tadpole Pupil. Tadpole pupil, also known as episodic segmental iris mydriasis, is an ocular condition where the muscles of the iris begin to spasm causing the elongation, or lengthening, of parts of the iris. These spasms can affect any segment, or portion, of the iris and involve the iris dilator muscle.〔 Contractions of the iris dilator muscle, a smooth muscle of the eye running radially in the iris,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Iris+dilator+muscle )〕 can cause irregular distortion of the pupil, thus making the pupil look tadpole shaped and giving this condition its name. Episodic segmental iris mydriasis was first described and termed “tadpole pupil” in 1912 by HS Thompson〔 ==Symptoms== The primary symptom is pupillary distortion〔 (changing of the size or shape of the pupil). Distortion can occur in any segment of the iris.〔 One part of the iris is pulled to a peak, and then returns to normal after the episode. Other symptoms may include blurred vision,〔 abnormal periocular sensations〔 (unusual feelings around the eyes), migraines, and feelings of a chilled face.〔 Some patients who demonstrate Tadpole Pupil symptoms also experienced Horner’s syndrome or Adie’s tonic pupil〔 Tadpole Pupil symptoms occur in episodes. Episodes are generally brief and less than 5 minutes,〔 however, some episodes have been reported to last anywhere from 3 to 15 minutes.〔 The episodes can occur multiple times a day for days, weeks, or months.〔 Studies show that a majority of those experiencing Tadpole Pupil are younger women from an age range of 24 to 48 years old,〔 with no apparent health problems.〔 Although women generally have the Tadpole Pupil, men are not unaffected by this disease and some have been reported to experience the symptoms.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tadpole pupil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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